atmcd.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
 
## Copyright (C) 2009 David Baddeley <d.baddeley@auckland.ac.nz>
## Copyright (C) 2020 Mick Phillips <mick.phillips@gmail.com>
##
## This file is part of Microscope.
##
## Microscope is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
## the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
## (at your option) any later version.
##
## Microscope is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
## GNU General Public License for more details.
##
## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
## along with Microscope.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
## The implementation of dllFunc is based on the implementation in
## PYME, hence copyright to David Baddeley.
 
"""This module wraps Andor's SDK for (EM)CCD cameras.
 
Example deviceserver entry::
 
    from microscope.cameras import atmcd
    DEVICES = [ ...
        device(atmcd.AndorAtmcd, "127.0.0.1", 8000, uid="VSC-01234")
    ]
 
Tested against Ixon Ultra with atmcd64d.dll ver 2.97.30007.0.
 
"""
 
import ctypes
import functools
import logging
import os
import platform
import sys
import time
from ctypes import (
    POINTER,
    Structure,
    c_char,
    c_char_p,
    c_double,
    c_float,
    c_int,
    c_long,
    c_longlong,
    c_short,
    c_ubyte,
    c_uint,
    c_ulong,
    c_ulonglong,
)
from enum import Enum, IntEnum
from threading import Lock
 
import numpy as np
from numpy.ctypeslib import ndpointer
 
import microscope
import microscope.abc
 
 
_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
# Andor docs use Windows datatypes in call signatures. These may not be available on
# other platforms.
try:
    from ctypes.wintypes import BYTE, DWORD, HANDLE, WORD
except:
    # Docs give no clues. These need testing against a non-Windows library.
    BYTE = ctypes.c_byte
    WORD = ctypes.c_ushort
    DWORD = ctypes.c_ulong
    HANDLE = ctypes.c_void_p
 
_stdcall_libraries = {}
arch, plat = platform.architecture()
if arch == "32bit":
    _dllName = "atmcd32d"
else:
    _dllName = "atmcd64d"
if os.name in ("nt", "ce"):
    _dll = ctypes.WinDLL(_dllName)
else:
    _dll = ctypes.CDLL(_dllName + ".so")
 
# Andor's types
at_32 = c_long
at_u32 = c_ulong
at_64 = c_longlong
at_u64 = c_ulonglong
 
"""Version Information Definitions"""
# Version information enumeration
class AT_VersionInfoId(c_int):
    pass
 
 
AT_SDKVersion = AT_VersionInfoId(0x40000000)
AT_DeviceDriverVersion = AT_VersionInfoId(0x40000001)
# No. of elements in version info.
AT_NoOfVersionInfoIds = 2
# Minimum recommended length of the Version Info buffer parameter
AT_VERSION_INFO_LEN = 80
# Minimum recommended length of the Controller Card Model buffer parameter
AT_CONTROLLER_CARD_MODEL_LEN = 80
 
"""DDG Lite Definitions"""
# Channel enumeration
class AT_DDGLiteChannelId(c_int):
    pass
 
 
AT_DDGLite_ChannelA = AT_DDGLiteChannelId(0x40000000)
AT_DDGLite_ChannelB = AT_DDGLiteChannelId(0x40000001)
AT_DDGLite_ChannelC = AT_DDGLiteChannelId(0x40000002)
# Control byte flags
AT_DDGLite_ControlBit_GlobalEnable = 0x01
AT_DDGLite_ControlBit_ChannelEnable = 0x01
AT_DDGLite_ControlBit_FreeRun = 0x02
AT_DDGLite_ControlBit_DisableOnFrame = 0x04
AT_DDGLite_ControlBit_RestartOnFire = 0x08
AT_DDGLite_ControlBit_Invert = 0x10
AT_DDGLite_ControlBit_EnableOnFire = 0x20
 
"""USB iStar Definitions"""
# Electrical
AT_DDG_POLARITY_POSITIVE = 0
AT_DDG_POLARITY_NEGATIVE = 1
AT_DDG_TERMINATION_50OHMS = 0
AT_DDG_TERMINATION_HIGHZ = 1
# Stepmode
AT_STEPMODE_CONSTANT = 0
AT_STEPMODE_EXPONENTIAL = 1
AT_STEPMODE_LOGARITHMIC = 2
AT_STEPMODE_LINEAR = 3
AT_STEPMODE_OFF = 100
# Gatemode
AT_GATEMODE_FIRE_AND_GATE = 0
AT_GATEMODE_FIRE_ONLY = 1
AT_GATEMODE_GATE_ONLY = 2
AT_GATEMODE_CW_ON = 3
AT_GATEMODE_CW_OFF = 4
AT_GATEMODE_DDG = 5
 
 
"""typedef structs"""
 
 
class ANDORCAPS(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("ulSize", c_ulong),
        ("ulAcqModes", c_ulong),
        ("ulReadModes", c_ulong),
        ("ulTriggerModes", c_ulong),
        ("ulCameraType", c_ulong),
        ("ulPixelMode", c_ulong),
        ("ulSetFunctions", c_ulong),
        ("ulGetFunctions", c_ulong),
        ("ulFeatures", c_ulong),
        ("ulPCICard", c_ulong),
        ("ulEMGainCapability", c_ulong),
        ("ulFTReadModes", c_ulong),
    ]
 
    def __init__(self):
        # The function that uses this strcut requires that ulSize contains
        # the size of the structure.
        self.ulSize = ctypes.sizeof(self)
 
 
AndorCapabilities = ANDORCAPS
 
 
class COLORDEMOSAICINFO(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("iX", c_int),
        ("iY", c_int),
        ("iAlgorithm", c_int),
        ("iXPhase", c_int),
        ("iYPhase", c_int),
        ("iBackground", c_int),
    ]
 
 
ColorDemosaicInfo = COLORDEMOSAICINFO
 
 
class SYSTEMTIME(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("wYear", WORD),
        ("wMonth", WORD),
        ("wDayOfWeek", WORD),
        ("wDay", WORD),
        ("wHour", WORD),
        ("wMinute", WORD),
        ("wSecond", WORD),
        ("wMilliseconds", WORD),
    ]
 
 
class WHITEBALANCEINFO(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("iSize", c_int),
        ("iX", c_int),
        ("iY", c_int),
        ("iAlgorithm", c_int),
        ("iROI_left", c_int),
        ("iROI_right", c_int),
        ("iROI_top", c_int),
        ("iROI_bottom", c_int),
        ("iOperation", c_int),
    ]
 
 
WhiteBalanceInfo = WHITEBALANCEINFO
 
 
"""Enums"""
# Status codes
DRV_ERROR_CODES = 20001
DRV_SUCCESS = 20002
DRV_VXDNOTINSTALLED = 20003
DRV_ERROR_SCAN = 20004
DRV_ERROR_CHECK_SUM = 20005
DRV_ERROR_FILELOAD = 20006
DRV_UNKNOWN_FUNCTION = 20007
DRV_ERROR_VXD_INIT = 20008
DRV_ERROR_ADDRESS = 20009
DRV_ERROR_PAGELOCK = 20010
DRV_ERROR_PAGEUNLOCK = 20011
DRV_ERROR_BOARDTEST = 20012
DRV_ERROR_ACK = 20013
DRV_ERROR_UP_FIFO = 20014
DRV_ERROR_PATTERN = 20015
DRV_ACQUISITION_ERRORS = 20017
DRV_ACQ_BUFFER = 20018
DRV_ACQ_DOWNFIFO_FULL = 20019
DRV_PROC_UNKONWN_INSTRUCTION = 20020
DRV_ILLEGAL_OP_CODE = 20021
DRV_KINETIC_TIME_NOT_MET = 20022
DRV_ACCUM_TIME_NOT_MET = 20023
DRV_NO_NEW_DATA = 20024
DRV_PCI_DMA_FAIL = 20025
DRV_SPOOLERROR = 20026
DRV_SPOOLSETUPERROR = 20027
DRV_FILESIZELIMITERROR = 20028
DRV_ERROR_FILESAVE = 20029
DRV_TEMPERATURE_CODES = 20033
DRV_TEMPERATURE_OFF = 20034
DRV_TEMPERATURE_NOT_STABILIZED = 20035
DRV_TEMPERATURE_STABILIZED = 20036
DRV_TEMPERATURE_NOT_REACHED = 20037
DRV_TEMPERATURE_OUT_RANGE = 20038
DRV_TEMPERATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED = 20039
DRV_TEMPERATURE_DRIFT = 20040
DRV_TEMP_CODES = 20033
DRV_TEMP_OFF = 20034
DRV_TEMP_NOT_STABILIZED = 20035
DRV_TEMP_STABILIZED = 20036
DRV_TEMP_NOT_REACHED = 20037
DRV_TEMP_OUT_RANGE = 20038
DRV_TEMP_NOT_SUPPORTED = 20039
DRV_TEMP_DRIFT = 20040
DRV_GENERAL_ERRORS = 20049
DRV_INVALID_AUX = 20050
DRV_COF_NOTLOADED = 20051
DRV_FPGAPROG = 20052
DRV_FLEXERROR = 20053
DRV_GPIBERROR = 20054
DRV_EEPROMVERSIONERROR = 20055
DRV_DATATYPE = 20064
DRV_DRIVER_ERRORS = 20065
DRV_P1INVALID = 20066
DRV_P2INVALID = 20067
DRV_P3INVALID = 20068
DRV_P4INVALID = 20069
DRV_INIERROR = 20070
DRV_COFERROR = 20071
DRV_ACQUIRING = 20072
DRV_IDLE = 20073
DRV_TEMPCYCLE = 20074
DRV_NOT_INITIALIZED = 20075
DRV_P5INVALID = 20076
DRV_P6INVALID = 20077
DRV_INVALID_MODE = 20078
DRV_INVALID_FILTER = 20079
DRV_I2CERRORS = 20080
DRV_I2CDEVNOTFOUND = 20081
DRV_I2CTIMEOUT = 20082
DRV_P7INVALID = 20083
DRV_P8INVALID = 20084
DRV_P9INVALID = 20085
DRV_P10INVALID = 20086
DRV_P11INVALID = 20087
DRV_USBERROR = 20089
DRV_IOCERROR = 20090
DRV_VRMVERSIONERROR = 20091
DRV_GATESTEPERROR = 20092
DRV_USB_INTERRUPT_ENDPOINT_ERROR = 20093
DRV_RANDOM_TRACK_ERROR = 20094
DRV_INVALID_TRIGGER_MODE = 20095
DRV_LOAD_FIRMWARE_ERROR = 20096
DRV_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO_ERROR = 20097
DRV_INVALID_RINGEXPOSURES = 20098
DRV_BINNING_ERROR = 20099
DRV_INVALID_AMPLIFIER = 20100
DRV_INVALID_COUNTCONVERT_MODE = 20101
DRV_ERROR_NOCAMERA = 20990
DRV_NOT_SUPPORTED = 20991
DRV_NOT_AVAILABLE = 20992
DRV_ERROR_MAP = 20115
DRV_ERROR_UNMAP = 20116
DRV_ERROR_MDL = 20117
DRV_ERROR_UNMDL = 20118
DRV_ERROR_BUFFSIZE = 20119
DRV_ERROR_NOHANDLE = 20121
DRV_GATING_NOT_AVAILABLE = 20130
DRV_FPGA_VOLTAGE_ERROR = 20131
DRV_OW_CMD_FAIL = 20150
DRV_OWMEMORY_BAD_ADDR = 20151
DRV_OWCMD_NOT_AVAILABLE = 20152
DRV_OW_NO_SLAVES = 20153
DRV_OW_NOT_INITIALIZED = 20154
DRV_OW_ERROR_SLAVE_NUM = 20155
DRV_MSTIMINGS_ERROR = 20156
DRV_OA_NULL_ERROR = 20173
DRV_OA_PARSE_DTD_ERROR = 20174
DRV_OA_DTD_VALIDATE_ERROR = 20175
DRV_OA_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR = 20176
DRV_OA_FILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST = 20177
DRV_OA_XML_INVALID_OR_NOT_FOUND_ERROR = 20178
DRV_OA_PRESET_FILE_NOT_LOADED = 20179
DRV_OA_USER_FILE_NOT_LOADED = 20180
DRV_OA_PRESET_AND_USER_FILE_NOT_LOADED = 20181
DRV_OA_INVALID_FILE = 20182
DRV_OA_FILE_HAS_BEEN_MODIFIED = 20183
DRV_OA_BUFFER_FULL = 20184
DRV_OA_INVALID_STRING_LENGTH = 20185
DRV_OA_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAME = 20186
DRV_OA_INVALID_NAMING = 20187
DRV_OA_GET_CAMERA_ERROR = 20188
DRV_OA_MODE_ALREADY_EXISTS = 20189
DRV_OA_STRINGS_NOT_EQUAL = 20190
DRV_OA_NO_USER_DATA = 20191
DRV_OA_VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED = 20192
DRV_OA_MODE_DOES_NOT_EXIST = 20193
DRV_OA_CAMERA_NOT_SUPPORTED = 20194
DRV_OA_FAILED_TO_GET_MODE = 20195
DRV_PROCESSING_FAILED = 20211
# Andor capabilities AC_...
# Acquisition modes
AC_ACQMODE_SINGLE = 1
AC_ACQMODE_VIDEO = 2
AC_ACQMODE_ACCUMULATE = 4
AC_ACQMODE_KINETIC = 8
AC_ACQMODE_FRAMETRANSFER = 16
AC_ACQMODE_FASTKINETICS = 32
AC_ACQMODE_OVERLAP = 64
AC_READMODE_FULLIMAGE = 1
AC_READMODE_SUBIMAGE = 2
AC_READMODE_SINGLETRACK = 4
AC_READMODE_FVB = 8
AC_READMODE_MULTITRACK = 16
AC_READMODE_RANDOMTRACK = 32
AC_READMODE_MULTITRACKSCAN = 64
AC_TRIGGERMODE_INTERNAL = 1
AC_TRIGGERMODE_EXTERNAL = 2
AC_TRIGGERMODE_EXTERNAL_FVB_EM = 4
AC_TRIGGERMODE_CONTINUOUS = 8
AC_TRIGGERMODE_EXTERNALSTART = 16
AC_TRIGGERMODE_EXTERNALEXPOSURE = 32
AC_TRIGGERMODE_INVERTED = 64
AC_TRIGGERMODE_EXTERNAL_CHARGESHIFTING = 128
AC_TRIGGERMODE_BULB = 32
AC_CAMERATYPE_PDA = 0
AC_CAMERATYPE_IXON = 1
AC_CAMERATYPE_ICCD = 2
AC_CAMERATYPE_EMCCD = 3
AC_CAMERATYPE_CCD = 4
AC_CAMERATYPE_ISTAR = 5
AC_CAMERATYPE_VIDEO = 6
AC_CAMERATYPE_IDUS = 7
AC_CAMERATYPE_NEWTON = 8
AC_CAMERATYPE_SURCAM = 9
AC_CAMERATYPE_USBICCD = 10
AC_CAMERATYPE_LUCA = 11
AC_CAMERATYPE_RESERVED = 12
AC_CAMERATYPE_IKON = 13
AC_CAMERATYPE_INGAAS = 14
AC_CAMERATYPE_IVAC = 15
AC_CAMERATYPE_UNPROGRAMMED = 16
AC_CAMERATYPE_CLARA = 17
AC_CAMERATYPE_USBISTAR = 18
AC_CAMERATYPE_SIMCAM = 19
AC_CAMERATYPE_NEO = 20
AC_CAMERATYPE_IXONULTRA = 21
AC_CAMERATYPE_VOLMOS = 22
AC_PIXELMODE_8BIT = 1
AC_PIXELMODE_14BIT = 2
AC_PIXELMODE_16BIT = 4
AC_PIXELMODE_32BIT = 8
AC_PIXELMODE_MONO = 0x000000
AC_PIXELMODE_RGB = 0x010000
AC_PIXELMODE_CMY = 0x020000
# Set functions
AC_SETFUNCTION_VREADOUT = 0x01
AC_SETFUNCTION_HREADOUT = 0x02
AC_SETFUNCTION_TEMPERATURE = 0x04
AC_SETFUNCTION_MCPGAIN = 0x08
AC_SETFUNCTION_EMCCDGAIN = 0x10
AC_SETFUNCTION_BASELINECLAMP = 0x20
AC_SETFUNCTION_VSAMPLITUDE = 0x40
AC_SETFUNCTION_HIGHCAPACITY = 0x80
AC_SETFUNCTION_BASELINEOFFSET = 0x0100
AC_SETFUNCTION_PREAMPGAIN = 0x0200
AC_SETFUNCTION_CROPMODE = 0x0400
AC_SETFUNCTION_DMAPARAMETERS = 0x0800
AC_SETFUNCTION_HORIZONTALBIN = 0x1000
AC_SETFUNCTION_MULTITRACKHRANGE = 0x2000
AC_SETFUNCTION_RANDOMTRACKNOGAPS = 0x4000
AC_SETFUNCTION_EMADVANCED = 0x8000
AC_SETFUNCTION_GATEMODE = 0x010000
AC_SETFUNCTION_DDGTIMES = 0x020000
AC_SETFUNCTION_IOC = 0x040000
AC_SETFUNCTION_INTELLIGATE = 0x080000
AC_SETFUNCTION_INSERTION_DELAY = 0x100000
AC_SETFUNCTION_GATESTEP = 0x200000
AC_SETFUNCTION_TRIGGERTERMINATION = 0x400000
AC_SETFUNCTION_EXTENDEDNIR = 0x800000
AC_SETFUNCTION_SPOOLTHREADCOUNT = 0x1000000
# AC_SETFUNCTION_MCPGAIN deprecated
AC_SETFUNCTION_GAIN = 8
AC_SETFUNCTION_ICCDGAIN = 8
# Get functions
AC_GETFUNCTION_TEMPERATURE = 0x01
AC_GETFUNCTION_TARGETTEMPERATURE = 0x02
AC_GETFUNCTION_TEMPERATURERANGE = 0x04
AC_GETFUNCTION_DETECTORSIZE = 0x08
AC_GETFUNCTION_MCPGAIN = 0x10
AC_GETFUNCTION_EMCCDGAIN = 0x20
AC_GETFUNCTION_HVFLAG = 0x40
AC_GETFUNCTION_GATEMODE = 0x80
AC_GETFUNCTION_DDGTIMES = 0x0100
AC_GETFUNCTION_IOC = 0x0200
AC_GETFUNCTION_INTELLIGATE = 0x0400
AC_GETFUNCTION_INSERTION_DELAY = 0x0800
AC_GETFUNCTION_GATESTEP = 0x1000
AC_GETFUNCTION_PHOSPHORSTATUS = 0x2000
AC_GETFUNCTION_MCPGAINTABLE = 0x4000
AC_GETFUNCTION_BASELINECLAMP = 0x8000
# AC_GETFUNCTION_MCPGAIN deprecated
AC_GETFUNCTION_GAIN = 0x10
AC_GETFUNCTION_ICCDGAIN = 0x10
# Features
AC_FEATURES_POLLING = 1
AC_FEATURES_EVENTS = 2
AC_FEATURES_SPOOLING = 4
AC_FEATURES_SHUTTER = 8
AC_FEATURES_SHUTTEREX = 16
AC_FEATURES_EXTERNAL_I2C = 32
AC_FEATURES_SATURATIONEVENT = 64
AC_FEATURES_FANCONTROL = 128
AC_FEATURES_MIDFANCONTROL = 256
AC_FEATURES_TEMPERATUREDURINGACQUISITION = 512
AC_FEATURES_KEEPCLEANCONTROL = 1024
AC_FEATURES_DDGLITE = 0x0800
AC_FEATURES_FTEXTERNALEXPOSURE = 0x1000
AC_FEATURES_KINETICEXTERNALEXPOSURE = 0x2000
AC_FEATURES_DACCONTROL = 0x4000
AC_FEATURES_METADATA = 0x8000
AC_FEATURES_IOCONTROL = 0x10000
AC_FEATURES_PHOTONCOUNTING = 0x20000
AC_FEATURES_COUNTCONVERT = 0x40000
AC_FEATURES_DUALMODE = 0x80000
AC_FEATURES_OPTACQUIRE = 0x100000
AC_FEATURES_REALTIMESPURIOUSNOISEFILTER = 0x200000
AC_FEATURES_POSTPROCESSSPURIOUSNOISEFILTER = 0x400000
AC_FEATURES_DUALPREAMPGAIN = 0x800000
AC_FEATURES_DEFECT_CORRECTION = 0x1000000
AC_FEATURES_STARTOFEXPOSURE_EVENT = 0x2000000
AC_FEATURES_ENDOFEXPOSURE_EVENT = 0x4000000
AC_FEATURES_CAMERALINK = 0x80000007108864
# Gain types
AC_EMGAIN_8BIT = 1
AC_EMGAIN_12BIT = 2
AC_EMGAIN_LINEAR12 = 4
AC_EMGAIN_REAL12 = 8
 
# We need a mapping to enable lookup of status codes to meaning.
status_codes = {}
for attrib_name in dir(sys.modules[__name__]):
    if attrib_name.startswith("DRV_"):
        status_codes.update({eval(attrib_name): attrib_name})
 
# The lookup function.
def lookup_status(code):
    key = code[0] if type(code) is list else code
    if key in status_codes:
        return status_codes[key]
    else:
        return "Unknown status code %s." % key
 
 
# The following DLL-wrapping classes are largely lifted from David Baddeley's
# SDK3 wrapper, with some modifications and additions.
 
# Classes used to handle outputs and parameters that need buffers.
class _meta:
    pass
 
 
STRING = c_char_p
 
 
class OUTPUT(_meta):
    """Used to indicated output from a DLL call"""
 
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.type = val
        self.val = POINTER(val)
 
    def getVar(self, bufLen=0):
        v = self.type()
        return v, ctypes.byref(v)
 
 
class _OUTSTRING(OUTPUT):
    """A special type of OUTPUT that creates an output buffer."""
 
    def __init__(self):
        self.valval = STRING
 
    def getVar(self, bufLen):
        v = ctypes.create_string_buffer(bufLen)
        return v, v
 
 
OUTSTRING = _OUTSTRING()
 
 
class _OUTSTRLEN(_meta):
    """Used to mark call parameters that define a string buffer size."""
 
    def __init__(self):
        self.val = c_int
 
 
OUTSTRLEN = _OUTSTRLEN()
 
 
class OUTARR(OUTPUT):
    """Used for DLL call parameters that return an array."""
 
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.typetype = val
        # self.val = POINTER(val)
        self.valval = ndpointer(val, flags="C_CONTIGUOUS")
 
    def getVar(self, size):
        # self.val = (size * self.type)()
        self.valval = np.zeros(int(size), dtype=self.typetype)
        return self.valval, self.valval
 
 
class _OUTARRSIZE(_meta):
    """Used to mark DLL call parameters that define array sizes."""
 
    def __init__(self):
        self.val = c_ulong
 
 
OUTARRSIZE = _OUTARRSIZE()
 
 
def stripMeta(val):
    """Strips the outer metaclass to give the underlying data object."""
    if isinstance(val, _meta):
        return val.val
    else:
        return val
 
 
def extract_value(val):
    """Calls .value on simple ctypes."""
    if type(val) in [
        c_int,
        c_uint,
        c_long,
        c_ulong,
        c_longlong,
        c_ulonglong,
        c_ubyte,
        c_short,
        c_float,
        c_double,
        c_char,
        c_char_p,
    ]:
        return val.value
    elif isinstance(val, ctypes.Array) and val._type_ is c_char:
        return val.value.decode()
    else:
        return val
 
 
class AtmcdException(Exception):
    """An exception arising from a DLL call."""
 
    def __init__(self, status):
        self.message = "%s  %s" % (status, lookup_status(status))
        super().__init__(self.message)
        self.status = status
 
 
class dllFunction:
    """A wrapper class for DLL functions to make them available in python."""
 
    def __init__(self, name, args=[], argnames=[], rstatus=False, lib=_dll):
        # the library function
        self.f = getattr(lib, name)
        # dll call return type
        self.f.restype = c_uint
        # dll call parameter types
        self.f.argtypes = [stripMeta(a) for a in args]
        # dll call parameters, with their meta wrappers
        self.fargs = args
        # dll call parameter names, used to generate helpstrings
        self.fargnames = argnames
        # the function name
        self.name = name
        # input arguments
        self.in_args = [a for a in args if not isinstance(a, OUTPUT)]
        # output arguments
        self.out_args = [a for a in args if isinstance(a, OUTPUT)]
        # Indicates that this function should return the status code it generates.
        self.rstatus = rstatus
        # Find any arguments that set string buffer or array sizes.
        self.buf_size_arg_pos = -1
        self.arr_size_arg_pos = -1
        for i in range(len(self.in_args)):
            if isinstance(self.in_args[i], _OUTSTRLEN):
                self.buf_size_arg_pos = i
            if isinstance(self.in_args[i], _OUTARRSIZE):
                self.arr_size_pos = i
        # Generate a docstring.
        ds = name + "\n\nArguments:\n===========\n"
        for i in range(len(args)):
            an = ""
            if i < len(argnames):
                an = argnames[i]
            ds += "\t%s\t%s\n" % (args[i], an)
        self.f.__doc__ = ds
 
    def __call__(self, *args):
        """Parse arguments, allocate any required storage, and execute the call."""
        # The C function arguments
        c_args = []
        i = 0
        ret = []
 
        if self.buf_size_arg_pos >= 0:
            try:
                bs = args[self.buf_size_arg_pos]
            except:
                bs = 255
        else:
            bs = 255
        # Sort input and output arguments, allocating output storage as required.
        i = 0
        for farg in self.fargs:
            if isinstance(farg, OUTPUT):
                if isinstance(farg, OUTARR):
                    size = args[self.arr_size_arg_pos]
                else:
                    size = bs
                r, c_arg = farg.getVar(size)
                c_args.append(c_arg)
                ret.append(r)
            elif isinstance(farg, _OUTSTRLEN):
                c_args.append(bs)
            elif isinstance(args[i], Enum):
                c_args.append(args[i].value)
                i += 1
            else:
                c_args.append(args[i])
                i += 1
 
        # Make the library call, tolerating a few DRV_ERROR_ACKs
        status = DRV_ERROR_ACK
        ack_err_count = -1
        while status == DRV_ERROR_ACK and ack_err_count < 3:
            ack_err_count += 1
            status = self.f(*c_args)
        ret = [extract_value(r) for r in ret]
        if len(ret) == 1:
            ret = ret[0]
        elif len(ret) == 0:
            ret = None
        # A few functions indicate state using the returned status code instead
        # of filling a variable passed by reference pointer.
        if self.rstatus:
            if status == DRV_SUCCESS:
                return True
            elif status in [
                DRV_INVALID_AMPLIFIER,
                DRV_INVALID_MODE,
                DRV_INVALID_COUNTCONVERT_MODE,
                DRV_INVALID_FILTER,
            ]:
                return False
            elif status in [
                DRV_TEMP_OFF,
                DRV_TEMP_STABILIZED,
                DRV_TEMP_NOT_REACHED,
                DRV_TEMP_DRIFT,
                DRV_TEMP_NOT_STABILIZED,
            ]:
                return (status, ret)
            else:
                raise AtmcdException(status)
        # Most functions return values via pointers, or have no return.
        if not status == DRV_SUCCESS:
            raise AtmcdException(status)
        return ret
 
 
def dllFunc(name, args=[], argnames=[], rstatus=False, lib=_dll):
    """Wrap library calls and add them to this module's namespace."""
    try:
        f = dllFunction(name, args, argnames, rstatus, lib)
    except Exception as e:
        raise microscope.LibraryLoadError(
            "Error wrapping dll function '%s'" % name
        ) from e
    globals()[name] = f
 
 
# We now add selected DLL functions to this library's namespace.
# These may be used directly: while this may work well when there is a
# single camera, care must be taken when there are multiple cameras
# on a system to ensure calls act on the expected camera. The AntorAtmcd
# class defined below does much of this work.
dllFunc("AbortAcquisition", [], [])
dllFunc("CancelWait", [], [])
dllFunc("CoolerOFF", [], [])
dllFunc("CoolerON", [], [])
dllFunc(
    "DemosaicImage",
    [
        POINTER(WORD),
        POINTER(WORD),
        POINTER(WORD),
        POINTER(WORD),
        POINTER(ColorDemosaicInfo),
    ],
    ["grey", "red", "green", "blue", "info"],
)
dllFunc("EnableKeepCleans", [c_int], ["iMode"])
dllFunc("FreeInternalMemory", [], [])
# Note - documentation states that the next two functions return the data
# "from the last acquisition". That appears to mean the data resulting from
# the last trigger, rather than all the available data between the last
# StartAcquisition and Abort calls.
dllFunc("GetAcquiredData", [OUTARR(at_32), OUTARRSIZE], ["arr", "size"])
dllFunc("GetAcquiredData16", [OUTARR(WORD), OUTARRSIZE], ["arr", "size"])
# GetAcquiredFloatData(float * arr, unsigned long size)
dllFunc(
    "GetAcquisitionProgress",
    [OUTPUT(c_long), OUTPUT(c_long)],
    ["acc", "series"],
)
dllFunc(
    "GetAcquisitionTimings",
    [OUTPUT(c_float), OUTPUT(c_float), OUTPUT(c_float)],
    ["exposure", "accumulate", "kinetic"],
)
dllFunc(
    "GetAdjustedRingExposureTimes",
    [c_int, POINTER(c_float)],
    ["iNumTimes", "fptimes"],
)
# GetAllDMAData(at_32 * arr, unsigned long size)
dllFunc(
    "GetAmpDesc", [c_int, OUTSTRING, OUTSTRLEN], ["index", "name", "length"]
)
dllFunc("GetAmpMaxSpeed", [c_int, OUTPUT(c_float)], ["index", "speed"])
dllFunc("GetAvailableCameras", [OUTPUT(c_long)], ["totalCameras"])
# # GetBackground(at_32 * arr, unsigned long size)
dllFunc("GetBaselineClamp", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["state"])
dllFunc("GetBitDepth", [c_int, OUTPUT(c_int)], ["channel", "depth"])
dllFunc("GetCameraEventStatus", [OUTPUT(DWORD)], ["camStatus"])
dllFunc(
    "GetCameraHandle",
    [c_long, OUTPUT(c_long)],
    ["cameraIndex", "cameraHandle"],
)
dllFunc(
    "GetCameraInformation", [c_int, OUTPUT(c_long)], ["index", "information"]
)
dllFunc("GetCameraSerialNumber", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["number"])
dllFunc("GetCapabilities", [OUTPUT(AndorCapabilities)], ["caps"])
dllFunc("GetControllerCardModel", [OUTSTRING], ["controllerCardModel"])
dllFunc(
    "GetCountConvertWavelengthRange",
    [OUTPUT(c_float), OUTPUT(c_float)],
    ["minVal", "maxVal"],
)
dllFunc("GetCurrentCamera", [OUTPUT(c_long)], ["cameraHandle"])
# # GetCYMGShift(int * iXshift, int * iYShift)
# GetDDGExternalOutputEnabled(at_u32 uiIndex, at_u32 * puiEnabled)
# GetDDGExternalOutputPolarity(at_u32 uiIndex, at_u32 * puiPolarity)
# GetDDGExternalOutputStepEnabled(at_u32 uiIndex, at_u32 * puiEnabled)
# GetDDGExternalOutputTime(at_u32 uiIndex, at_u64 * puiDelay, at_u64 * puiWidth)
# GetDDGTTLGateWidth(at_u64 opticalWidth, at_u64 * ttlWidth)
# GetDDGGateTime(at_u64 * puiDelay, at_u64 * puiWidth)
# GetDDGInsertionDelay(int * piState)
# GetDDGIntelligate(int * piState)
# GetDDGIOC(int * state)
# GetDDGIOCFrequency(double * frequency)
# GetDDGIOCNumber(unsigned long * numberPulses)
# GetDDGIOCNumberRequested(at_u32 * pulses)
# GetDDGIOCPeriod(at_u64 * period)
# GetDDGIOCPulses(int * pulses)
# GetDDGIOCTrigger(at_u32 * trigger)
# GetDDGOpticalWidthEnabled(at_u32 * puiEnabled)
# # GetDDGLiteGlobalControlByte(unsigned char * control)
# # GetDDGLiteControlByte(AT_DDGLiteChannelId channel, unsigned char * control)
# # GetDDGLiteInitialDelay(AT_DDGLiteChannelId channel, float * fDelay)
# # GetDDGLitePulseWidth(AT_DDGLiteChannelId channel, float * fWidth)
# # GetDDGLiteInterPulseDelay(AT_DDGLiteChannelId channel, float * fDelay)
# # GetDDGLitePulsesPerExposure(AT_DDGLiteChannelId channel, at_u32 * ui32Pulses)
# GetDDGPulse(double wid, double resolution, double * Delay, double * Width)
# GetDDGStepCoefficients(at_u32 mode, double * p1, double * p2)
# GetDDGStepMode(at_u32 * mode)
dllFunc("GetDetector", [OUTPUT(c_int), OUTPUT(c_int)], ["xpixels", "ypixels"])
# # GetDICameraInfo(void * info)
dllFunc("GetEMAdvanced", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["state"])
dllFunc("GetEMCCDGain", [OUTPUT(c_int)], [" gain"])
dllFunc("GetEMGainRange", [OUTPUT(c_int), OUTPUT(c_int)], ["low", "high"])
dllFunc("GetExternalTriggerTermination", [OUTPUT(at_u32)], ["puiTermination"])
dllFunc(
    "GetFastestRecommendedVSSpeed",
    [OUTPUT(c_int), OUTPUT(c_float)],
    ["index", "speed"],
)
# # GetFIFOUsage(int * FIFOusage)
dllFunc("GetFilterMode", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["mode"])
dllFunc("GetFKExposureTime", [OUTPUT(c_float)], ["time"])
# # GetFKVShiftSpeed(int index, int * speed)
dllFunc("GetFKVShiftSpeedF", [c_int, OUTPUT(c_float)], ["index", "speed"])
dllFunc("GetFrontEndStatus", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["piFlag"])
dllFunc("GetGateMode", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["piGatemode"])
dllFunc(
    "GetHardwareVersion",
    [OUTPUT(c_uint) for i in range(6)],
    [
        "PCB",
        "Decode",
        "dummy1",
        "dummy2",
        "CameraFirmwareVersion",
        "CameraFirmwareBuild",
    ],
)
dllFunc("GetHeadModel", [OUTSTRING], ["name"])
# # GetHorizontalSpeed(int index, int * speed)
dllFunc(
    "GetHSSpeed",
    [c_int, c_int, c_int, OUTPUT(c_float)],
    ["channel", "typ", "index", "speed"],
)
dllFunc("GetHVflag", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["bFlag"])
# # GetID(int devNum, int * id)
dllFunc("GetImageFlip", [OUTPUT(c_int), OUTPUT(c_int)], ["iHFlip", "iVFlip"])
dllFunc("GetImageRotate", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["Rotate"])
dllFunc(
    "GetImages",
    [
        c_long,
        c_long,
        OUTARR(at_32),
        OUTARRSIZE,
        OUTPUT(c_long),
        OUTPUT(c_long),
    ],
    ["first", "last", "arr", "size", "validfirst", "validlast"],
)
dllFunc(
    "GetImages16",
    [c_long, c_long, OUTARR(WORD), OUTARRSIZE, OUTPUT(c_long), OUTPUT(c_long)],
    ["first", "last", "arr", "size", "validfirst", "validlast"],
)
dllFunc("GetImagesPerDMA", [OUTPUT(c_ulong)], ["images"])
# # GetIRQ(int * IRQ)
dllFunc("GetKeepCleanTime", [OUTPUT(c_float)], ["KeepCleanTime"])
dllFunc(
    "GetMaximumBinning",
    [c_int, c_int, OUTPUT(c_int)],
    ["ReadMode", "HorzVert", "MaxBinning"],
)
dllFunc("GetMaximumExposure", [OUTPUT(c_float)], ["MaxExp"])
dllFunc("GetMCPGain", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["piGain"])
dllFunc("GetMCPGainRange", [OUTPUT(c_int), OUTPUT(c_int)], ["iLow", "iHigh"])
# # GetMCPGainTable(int iNum, int * piGain, float * pfPhotoepc)
dllFunc("GetMCPVoltage", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["iVoltage"])
dllFunc("GetMinimumImageLength", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["MinImageLength"])
# # GetMinimumNumberInSeries(int * number)
dllFunc(
    "GetMostRecentColorImage16",
    [OUTARRSIZE, c_int, OUTARR(WORD), OUTARR(WORD), OUTARR(WORD)],
    ["size", "algorithm", "red", "green", "blue"],
)
dllFunc("GetMostRecentImage", [OUTARR(at_32), OUTARRSIZE], ["arr", "size"])
dllFunc("GetMostRecentImage16", [OUTARR(WORD), OUTARRSIZE], ["arr", "size"])
# # GetMSTimingsData(SYSTEMTIME * TimeOfStart, float * pfDifferences, int inoOfImages)
dllFunc(
    "GetMetaDataInfo",
    [OUTPUT(SYSTEMTIME), OUTPUT(c_float), c_uint],
    ["TimeOfStart", "TimeFromStart", "index"],
)
# # GetMSTimingsEnabled(void)
# # GetNewData(at_32 * arr, unsigned long size)
# # GetNewData16(WORD * arr, unsigned long size)
# # GetNewData8(unsigned char * arr, unsigned long size)
# # GetNewFloatData(float * arr, unsigned long size)
dllFunc("GetNumberADChannels", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["channels"])
dllFunc("GetNumberAmp", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["amp"])
dllFunc(
    "GetNumberAvailableImages",
    [OUTPUT(at_32), OUTPUT(at_32)],
    ["first", "last"],
)
dllFunc("GetNumberDDGExternalOutputs", [OUTPUT(at_u32)], ["puiCount"])
# # GetNumberDevices(int * numDevs)
dllFunc("GetNumberFKVShiftSpeeds", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["number"])
# # GetNumberHorizontalSpeeds(int * number)
dllFunc(
    "GetNumberHSSpeeds",
    [c_int, c_int, OUTPUT(c_int)],
    ["channel", "typ", "speeds"],
)
dllFunc(
    "GetNumberNewImages", [OUTPUT(c_long), OUTPUT(c_long)], ["first", "last"]
)
dllFunc(
    "GetNumberPhotonCountingDivisions", [OUTPUT(at_u32)], ["noOfDivisions"]
)
dllFunc("GetNumberPreAmpGains", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["noGains"])
dllFunc("GetNumberRingExposureTimes", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["ipnumTimes"])
dllFunc("GetNumberIO", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["iNumber"])
# # GetNumberVerticalSpeeds(int * number)
dllFunc("GetNumberVSAmplitudes", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["number"])
dllFunc("GetNumberVSSpeeds", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["speeds"])
dllFunc("GetOldestImage", [OUTARR(at_32), OUTARRSIZE], ["arr", "size"])
dllFunc("GetOldestImage16", [OUTARR(WORD), OUTARRSIZE], ["arr", "size"])
dllFunc("GetPhosphorStatus", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["piFlag"])
# # GetPhysicalDMAAddress(unsigned long * Address1, unsigned long * Address2)
dllFunc("GetPixelSize", [OUTPUT(c_float), OUTPUT(c_float)], ["xSize", "ySize"])
dllFunc("GetPreAmpGain", [c_int, OUTPUT(c_float)], ["index", "gain"])
dllFunc(
    "GetPreAmpGainText",
    [c_int, OUTSTRING, OUTSTRLEN],
    ["index", "name", "length"],
)
dllFunc(
    "GetDualExposureTimes",
    [OUTPUT(c_float), OUTPUT(c_float)],
    ["exposure1", "exposure2"],
)
dllFunc(
    "GetQE",
    [STRING, c_float, c_uint, OUTPUT(c_float)],
    ["sensor", "wavelength", "mode", "QE"],
)
dllFunc("GetReadOutTime", [OUTPUT(c_float)], ["ReadOutTime"])
# # GetRegisterDump(int * mode)
dllFunc(
    "GetRingExposureRange", [OUTPUT(c_float), OUTPUT(c_float)], ["Min", "Max"]
)
# # GetSDK3Handle(int * Handle)
dllFunc(
    "GetSensitivity",
    [c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, OUTPUT(c_float)],
    ["channel", "horzShift", "amplifier", "pa", "sensitivity"],
)
dllFunc(
    "GetShutterMinTimes",
    [OUTPUT(c_int), OUTPUT(c_int)],
    ["minclosingtime", "minopeningtime"],
)
dllFunc("GetSizeOfCircularBuffer", [OUTPUT(c_long)], ["index"])
# # GetSlotBusDeviceFunction(DWORD * dwslot, DWORD * dwBus, DWORD * dwDevice, DWORD * dwFunction)
dllFunc(
    "GetSoftwareVersion",
    [OUTPUT(c_uint) for i in range(6)],
    ["eprom", "coffile", "vxdrev", "vxdver", "dllrev", "dllver"],
)
# # GetSpoolProgress(long * index)
# # GetStartUpTime(float * time)
dllFunc("GetStatus", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["status"])
dllFunc("GetTECStatus", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["piFlag"])
dllFunc("GetTemperature", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["temperature"], True)
dllFunc("GetTemperatureF", [OUTPUT(c_float)], ["temperature"], True)
dllFunc(
    "GetTemperatureRange",
    [OUTPUT(c_int), OUTPUT(c_int)],
    ["mintemp", "maxtemp"],
)
# Reserved function seems to be incomplete - only populates first parameter with Ixon Ultra.
# dllFunc('GetTemperatureStatus', [OUTPUT(c_float) for i in range(4)],
#                                ['SensorTemp', 'TargetTemp', 'AmbientTemp', 'CoolerVolts'], True)
dllFunc("GetTotalNumberImagesAcquired", [OUTPUT(c_long)], ["index"])
dllFunc("GetIODirection", [c_int, OUTPUT(c_int)], ["index", "iDirection"])
dllFunc("GetIOLevel", [c_int, OUTPUT(c_int)], ["index", "iLevel"])
dllFunc(
    "GetVersionInfo",
    [AT_VersionInfoId, OUTSTRING, OUTSTRLEN],
    ["arr", "szVersionInfo", "ui32BufferLen"],
)
# # GetVerticalSpeed(int index, int * speed)
# # GetVirtualDMAAddress(void ** Address1, void ** Address2)
dllFunc("GetVSAmplitudeString", [c_int, OUTSTRING], ["index", "text"])
dllFunc("GetVSAmplitudeFromString", [STRING, OUTPUT(c_int)], ["text", "index"])
dllFunc("GetVSAmplitudeValue", [c_int, OUTPUT(c_int)], ["index", "value"])
dllFunc("GetVSSpeed", [c_int, OUTPUT(c_float)], ["index", "speed"])
# GPIBReceive(int id, short address, char * text, int size)
# GPIBSend(int id, short address, char * text)
# I2CBurstRead(BYTE i2cAddress, long nBytes, BYTE * data)
# I2CBurstWrite(BYTE i2cAddress, long nBytes, BYTE * data)
# I2CRead(BYTE deviceID, BYTE intAddress, BYTE * pdata)
# I2CReset(void)
# I2CWrite(BYTE deviceID, BYTE intAddress, BYTE data)
# #'IdAndorDll(void)
# InAuxPort(int port, int * state)
dllFunc("Initialize", [STRING], ["dir"])
# #'InitializeDevice(char * dir)
dllFunc("IsAmplifierAvailable", [c_int], ["iamp"], True)
dllFunc("IsCoolerOn", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["iCoolerStatus"])
dllFunc("IsCountConvertModeAvailable", [c_int], ["mode"], True)
dllFunc("IsInternalMechanicalShutter", [OUTPUT(c_int)], ["InternalShutter"])
dllFunc(
    "IsPreAmpGainAvailable",
    [c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, OUTPUT(c_int)],
    ["channel", "amplifier", "index", "pa", "status"],
)
dllFunc("IsTriggerModeAvailable", [c_int], ["iTriggerMode"], True)
# #'Merge(const at_32 * arr, long nOrder, long nPoint, long nPixel, float * coeff, long fit, long hbin, at_32 * output, float * start, float * step_Renamed)
# OutAuxPort(int port, int state)
dllFunc("PrepareAcquisition", [], [])
# SaveAsBmp(char * path, char * palette, long ymin, long ymax)
# SaveAsCommentedSif(char * path, char * comment)
# SaveAsEDF(char * szPath, int iMode)
# SaveAsFITS(char * szFileTitle, int typ)
# SaveAsRaw(char * szFileTitle, int typ)
# SaveAsSif(char * path)
# SaveAsSPC(char * path)
# SaveAsTiff(char * path, char * palette, int position, int typ)
# SaveAsTiffEx(char * path, char * palette, int position, int typ, int mode)
# #'SaveEEPROMToFile(char * cFileName)
# #'SaveToClipBoard(char * palette)
# #'SelectDevice(int devNum)
dllFunc("SendSoftwareTrigger", [], [])
dllFunc("SetAccumulationCycleTime", [c_float], ["time"])
# SetAcqStatusEvent(HANDLE statusEvent)
dllFunc("SetAcquisitionMode", [c_int], ["mode"])
# #'SetAcquisitionType(int typ)
dllFunc("SetADChannel", [c_int], ["channel"])
dllFunc("SetAdvancedTriggerModeState", [c_int], ["iState"])
# #'SetBackground(at_32 * arr, unsigned long size)
dllFunc("SetBaselineClamp", [c_int], ["state"])
dllFunc("SetBaselineOffset", [c_int], ["offset"])
dllFunc("SetCameraLinkMode", [c_int], ["mode"])
dllFunc("SetCameraStatusEnable", [DWORD], ["Enable"])
dllFunc("SetChargeShifting", [c_uint, c_uint], ["NumberRows", "NumberRepeats"])
dllFunc("SetComplexImage", [c_uint, POINTER(c_int)], ["numAreas", "areas"])
dllFunc("SetCoolerMode", [c_int], ["mode"])
dllFunc("SetCountConvertMode", [c_int], ["Mode"])
dllFunc("SetCountConvertWavelength", [c_float], ["wavelength"])
dllFunc(
    "SetCropMode", [c_int, c_int, c_int], ["active", "cropHeight", "reserved"]
)
dllFunc("SetCurrentCamera", [c_long], ["cameraHandle"])
dllFunc("SetCustomTrackHBin", [c_int], ["bin"])
# #'SetDataType(int typ)
dllFunc(
    "SetDACOutput", [c_int, c_int, c_int], ["iOption", "iResolution", "iValue"]
)
dllFunc("SetDACOutputScale", [c_int], ["iScale"])
# #'SetDDGAddress(BYTE t0, BYTE t1, BYTE t2, BYTE t3, BYTE address)
# SetDDGExternalOutputEnabled(at_u32 uiIndex, at_u32 uiEnabled)
# SetDDGExternalOutputPolarity(at_u32 uiIndex, at_u32 uiPolarity)
# SetDDGExternalOutputStepEnabled(at_u32 uiIndex, at_u32 uiEnabled)
# SetDDGExternalOutputTime(at_u32 uiIndex, at_u64 uiDelay, at_u64 uiWidth)
# #'SetDDGGain(int gain)
# SetDDGGateStep(double step_Renamed)
# SetDDGGateTime(at_u64 uiDelay, at_u64 uiWidth)
# SetDDGInsertionDelay(int state)
# SetDDGIntelligate(int state)
# SetDDGIOC(int state)
# SetDDGIOCFrequency(double frequency)
# SetDDGIOCNumber(unsigned long numberPulses)
# SetDDGIOCPeriod(at_u64 period)
# SetDDGIOCTrigger(at_u32 trigger)
# SetDDGOpticalWidthEnabled(at_u32 uiEnabled)
# #'SetDDGLiteGlobalControlByte(unsigned char control)
# #'SetDDGLiteControlByte(AT_DDGLiteChannelId channel, unsigned char control)
# #'SetDDGLiteInitialDelay(AT_DDGLiteChannelId channel, float fDelay)
# #'SetDDGLitePulseWidth(AT_DDGLiteChannelId channel, float fWidth)
# #'SetDDGLiteInterPulseDelay(AT_DDGLiteChannelId channel, float fDelay)
# #'SetDDGLitePulsesPerExposure(AT_DDGLiteChannelId channel, at_u32 ui32Pulses)
# SetDDGStepCoefficients(at_u32 mode, double p1, double p2)
# SetDDGStepMode(at_u32 mode)
# SetDDGTimes(double t0, double t1, double t2)
# SetDDGTriggerMode(int mode)
# SetDDGVariableGateStep(int mode, double p1, double p2)
# SetDelayGenerator(int board, short address, int typ)
# SetDMAParameters(int MaxImagesPerDMA, float SecondsPerDMA)
# SetDriverEvent(HANDLE driverEvent)
dllFunc("SetEMAdvanced", [c_int], ["state"])
dllFunc("SetEMCCDGain", [c_int], ["gain"])
# #'SetEMClockCompensation(int EMClockCompensationFlag)
dllFunc("SetEMGainMode", [c_int], ["mode"])
dllFunc("SetExposureTime", [c_float], ["time"])
dllFunc("SetExternalTriggerTermination", [at_u32], ["uiTermination"])
dllFunc("SetFanMode", [c_int], ["mode"])
dllFunc("SetFastExtTrigger", [c_int], ["mode"])
dllFunc(
    "SetFastKinetics",
    [c_int, c_int, c_float, c_int, c_int, c_int],
    ["exposedRows", "seriesLength", "time", "mode", "hbin", "vbin"],
)
dllFunc(
    "SetFastKineticsEx",
    [c_int, c_int, c_float, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int],
    ["exposedRows", "seriesLength", "time", "mode", "hbin", "vbin", "offset"],
)
dllFunc("SetFilterMode", [c_int], ["mode"])
# #'SetFilterParameters(int width, float sensitivity, int range, float accept, int smooth, int noise)
dllFunc("SetFKVShiftSpeed", [c_int], ["index"])
# #'SetFPDP(int state)
dllFunc("SetFrameTransferMode", [c_int], ["mode"])
# SetFrontEndEvent(HANDLE driverEvent)
# #'SetFullImage(int hbin, int vbin)
dllFunc("SetFVBHBin", [c_int], ["bin"])
# #'SetGain(int gain)
dllFunc(
    "SetGate", [c_float, c_float, c_float], ["delay", "width", "stepRenamed"]
)
dllFunc("SetGateMode", [c_int], ["gatemode"])
dllFunc("SetHighCapacity", [c_int], ["state"])
# #'SetHorizontalSpeed(int index)
dllFunc("SetHSSpeed", [c_int, c_int], ["typ", "index"])
dllFunc(
    "SetImage",
    [c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int],
    ["bnin", "vbin", "hstar", "hend", "vstart", "vend"],
)
dllFunc("SetImageFlip", [c_int, c_int], ["iHFlip", "iVFlip"])
dllFunc("SetImageRotate", [c_int], ["iRotate"])
dllFunc(
    "SetIsolatedCropMode",
    [c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int],
    ["active", "cropheight", "cropwidth", "vbin", "hbin"],
)
dllFunc("SetKineticCycleTime", [c_float], ["time"])
dllFunc("SetMCPGain", [c_int], ["gain"])
dllFunc("SetMCPGating", [c_int], ["gating"])
# #'SetMessageWindow(HWND wnd)' # reser)
dllFunc("SetMetaData", [c_int], ["state"])
# SetMultiTrack(int number, int height, int offset, int * bottom, int * gap)
# SetMultiTrackHBin(int bin)
# SetMultiTrackHRange(int iStart, int iEnd)
# #'SetMultiTrackScan(int trackHeight, int numberTracks, int iSIHStart, int iSIHEnd, int trackHBinning, int trackVBinning, int trackGap, int trackOffset, int trackSkip, int numberSubFrames)
# #'SetNextAddress(at_32 * data, long lowAdd, long highAdd, long length, long physical)
# #'SetNextAddress16(at_32 * data, long lowAdd, long highAdd, long length, long physical)
dllFunc("SetNumberAccumulations", [c_int], ["number"])
dllFunc("SetNumberKinetics", [c_int], ["number"])
dllFunc("SetNumberPrescans", [c_int], ["iNumber"])
dllFunc("SetOutputAmplifier", [c_int], ["typ"])
dllFunc("SetOverlapMode", [c_int], ["mode"])
dllFunc("SetPCIMode", [c_int, c_int], ["mode", "value"])
dllFunc("SetPhotonCounting", [c_int], ["state"])
dllFunc("SetPhotonCountingThreshold", [c_long, c_long], ["min", "max"])
# SetPhosphorEvent(HANDLE driverEvent)
dllFunc(
    "SetPhotonCountingDivisions",
    [at_u32, at_32],
    ["noOfDivisions", "divisions"],
)
# #'SetPixelMode(int bitdepth, int colormode)
dllFunc("SetPreAmpGain", [c_int], ["index"])
dllFunc("SetDualExposureTimes", [c_float, c_float], ["expTime1", "expTime2"])
dllFunc("SetDualExposureMode", [c_int], ["mode"])
dllFunc("SetRandomTracks", [c_int, c_int], ["numTracks", "areas"])
dllFunc("SetReadMode", [c_int], ["mode"])
# #'SetRegisterDump(int mode)
dllFunc("SetRingExposureTimes", [c_int, c_float], ["numTimes", "times"])
# SetSaturationEvent(HANDLE saturationEvent)
dllFunc(
    "SetShutter",
    [c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int],
    ["typ", "mode", "closingtime", "openingtime"],
)
dllFunc(
    "SetShutterEx",
    [c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int],
    ["typ", "mode", "closingtime", "openingtime", "extmode"],
)
# #'SetShutters(int typ, int mode, int closingtime, int openingtime, int exttype, int extmode, int dummy1, int dummy2)
dllFunc("SetSifComment", [STRING], ["comment"])
dllFunc("SetSingleTrack", [c_int, c_int], ["centre", "height"])
dllFunc("SetSingleTrackHBin", [c_int], ["bin"])
dllFunc(
    "SetSpool",
    [c_int, c_int, STRING, c_int],
    ["active", "method", "path", "framebuffersize"],
)
dllFunc("SetSpoolThreadCount", [c_int], ["count"])
# #'SetStorageMode(long mode)
# SetTECEvent(HANDLE driverEvent)
dllFunc("SetTemperature", [c_int], ["temperature"])
# #'SetTemperatureEvent(HANDLE temperatureEvent)
dllFunc("SetTriggerMode", [c_int], ["mode"])
dllFunc("SetTriggerInvert", [c_int], ["mode"])
dllFunc(
    "GetTriggerLevelRange",
    [OUTPUT(c_float), OUTPUT(c_float)],
    ["minimum", "maximum"],
)
dllFunc("SetTriggerLevel", [c_float], ["f_level"])
dllFunc("SetIODirection", [c_int, c_int], ["index", "iDirection"])
dllFunc("SetIOLevel", [c_int, c_int], ["index", "iLevel"])
# #'SetUserEvent(HANDLE userEvent)
# #'SetUSGenomics(long width, long height)
# #'SetVerticalRowBuffer(int rows)
# #'SetVerticalSpeed(int index)
# #'SetVirtualChip(int state)
dllFunc("SetVSAmplitude", [c_int], ["index"])
dllFunc("SetVSSpeed", [c_int], ["index"])
dllFunc("ShutDown", [], [])
dllFunc("StartAcquisition", [], [])
# #'UnMapPhysicalAddress(void)
dllFunc("WaitForAcquisition", [], [])
dllFunc("WaitForAcquisitionByHandle", [c_long], ["cameraHandle"])
dllFunc(
    "WaitForAcquisitionByHandleTimeOut",
    [c_long, c_int],
    ["cameraHandle", "iTimeOutMs"],
)
dllFunc("WaitForAcquisitionTimeOut", [c_int], ["iTimeOutMs"])
# WhiteBalance(WORD * wRed, WORD * wGreen, WORD * wBlue, float * fRelR, float * fRelB, WhiteBalanceInfo * info)
# OA_Initialize(const char * const pcFilename, unsigned int uiFileNameLen)
# OA_EnableMode(const char * const pcModeName)
# OA_GetModeAcqParams(const char * const pcModeName, char * const pcListOfParams)
# OA_GetUserModeNames(char * pcListOfModes)
# OA_GetPreSetModeNames(char * pcListOfModes)
# OA_GetNumberOfUserModes(unsigned int * const puiNumberOfModes)
# OA_GetNumberOfPreSetModes(unsigned int * const puiNumberOfModes)
# OA_GetNumberOfAcqParams(const char * const pcModeName, unsigned int * const puiNumberOfParams)
# OA_AddMode(char * pcModeName, unsigned int uiModeNameLen, char * pcModeDescription, unsigned int uiModeDescriptionLen)
# OA_WriteToFile(const char * const pcFileName, unsigned int uiFileNameLen)
# OA_DeleteMode(const char * const pcModeName, unsigned int uiModeNameLen)
# OA_SetInt(const char * const pcModeName, const char * pcModeParam, const int iIntValue)
# OA_SetFloat(const char * const pcModeName, const char * pcModeParam, const float fFloatValue)
# OA_SetString(const char * const pcModeName, const char * pcModeParam, char * pcStringValue, const unsigned int uiStringLen)
# OA_GetInt(const char * const pcModeName, const char * const pcModeParam, int * iIntValue)
# OA_GetFloat(const char * const pcModeName, const char * const pcModeParam, float * fFloatValue)
# OA_GetString(const char * const pcModeName, const char * const pcModeParam, char * pcStringValue, const unsigned int uiStringLen)
# Filter_SetMode(unsigned int mode)
# Filter_GetMode(unsigned int * mode)
# Filter_SetThreshold(float threshold)
# Filter_GetThreshold(float * threshold)
# Filter_SetDataAveragingMode(int mode)
# Filter_GetDataAveragingMode(int * mode)
# Filter_SetAveragingFrameCount(int frames)
# Filter_GetAveragingFrameCount(int * frames)
# Filter_SetAveragingFactor(int averagingFactor)
# Filter_GetAveragingFactor(int * averagingFactor)
# PostProcessNoiseFilter(at_32 * pInputImage, at_32 * pOutputImage, int iOutputBufferSize, int iBaseline, int iMode, float fThreshold, int iHeight, int iWidth)
# PostProcessCountConvert(at_32 * pInputImage, at_32 * pOutputImage, int iOutputBufferSize, int iNumImages, int iBaseline, int iMode, int iEmGain, float fQE, float fSensitivity, int iHeight, int iWidth)
# PostProcessPhotonCounting(at_32 * pInputImage, at_32 * pOutputImage, int iOutputBufferSize, int iNumImages, int iNumframes, int iNumberOfThresholds, float * pfThreshold, int iHeight, int iWidth)
# #'PostProcessDataAveraging(at_32 * pInputImage, at_32 * pOutputImage, int iOutputBufferSize, int iNumImages, int iAveragingFilterMode, int iHeight, int iWidth, int iFrameCount, int iAveragingFactor)
 
 
class TriggerMode(IntEnum):
    """Camera trigger modes"""
 
    INTERNAL = 0
    EXTERNAL = 1
    EXT_START = 6
    BULB = 7
    EXT_FVB = 9
    SOFTWARE = 10
 
 
class AcquisitionMode(IntEnum):
    """Acquisition modes."""
 
    SINGLE = 1
    ACCUMULATE = 2
    KINETICS = 3
    FASTKINETICS = 4
    RUNTILLABORT = 5
 
 
class ReadMode(IntEnum):
    """Chip readout modes. Currently, only IMAGE is supported."""
 
    FULLVERTICALBINNING = 0
    MULTITRACK = 1
    RANDOMTRACK = 2
    SINGLETRACK = 3
    IMAGE = 4
 
 
class ReadoutMode:
    """A combination of channel, amplifier and speed settings."""
 
    def __init__(self, channel, amplifier, hs_index, speed):
        self.channel = channel  # Channel index
        self.amp = amplifier  # Amplifier enum
        self.hsindex = hs_index  # HS speed index
        self.speed = speed  # Shift frequency in MHz
 
    def __str__(self):
        if self.speed < 1:
            speedstr = "{:.0f} kHz".format(self.speed * 1000)
        else:
            speedstr = "{:.0f} MHz".format(self.speed)
        return "{} {} CH{:.0f}".format(self.amp.name, speedstr, self.channel)
 
 
# A lock on the DLL used to ensure DLL calls act on the correct device.
_dll_lock = Lock()
 
 
ATMCD_MODE_TO_TRIGGER = {
    TriggerMode.EXTERNAL: (
        microscope.TriggerType.RISING_EDGE,
        microscope.TriggerMode.ONCE,
    ),
    TriggerMode.BULB: (
        microscope.TriggerType.RISING_EDGE,
        microscope.TriggerMode.BULB,
    ),
    TriggerMode.SOFTWARE: (
        microscope.TriggerType.SOFTWARE,
        microscope.TriggerMode.ONCE,
    ),
}
 
TRIGGER_TO_ATMCD_MODE = {v: k for k, v in ATMCD_MODE_TO_TRIGGER.items()}
 
 
class AndorAtmcd(
    microscope.abc.FloatingDeviceMixin,
    microscope.abc.Camera,
):
    """Implements CameraDevice interface for Andor ATMCD library."""
 
    def __init__(self, index=0, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(index=index, **kwargs)
        # Recursion depth for context manager behaviour.
        self._rdepth = 0
        # The handle used by the DLL to identify this camera.
        self._handle = None
        # The following parameters will be populated after hardware init.
        self._roi = None
        self._binning = None
        self.initializeinitialize()
 
    def _bind(self, fn):
        """Binds unbound SDK functions to this camera."""
 
        @functools.wraps(fn)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            with self:
                return fn(*args, **kwargs)
 
        return wrapper
 
    def __enter__(self):
        """Context manager entry code.
 
        The camera class is also a context manager that ensures DLL calls act
        on this camera by obtaining the _dll_lock.
 
        We could use RLock to give re-entrant behaviour, but we track recursion
        ourselves so that we know when we must call SetCurrentCamera.
        """
        if self._rdepth == 0:
            _dll_lock.acquire()
            SetCurrentCamera(self._handle)
        self._rdepth += 1
 
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        """Context manager exit code."""
        self._rdepth -= 1
        if self._rdepth == 0:
            _dll_lock.release()
 
    @property
    def _acquiring(self):
        """Indicate whether or not camera is acquiring data."""
        with self:
            return GetStatus() == DRV_ACQUIRING
 
    @_acquiring.setter
    def _acquiring(self, value):
        # Here to prevent an error when super.__init__ intializes
        # self._acquiring. Doesn't do anything, because the DLL keeps
        # track of acquisition state.
        pass
 
    def abort(self):
        """Abort acquisition."""
        _logger.debug("Disabling acquisition.")
        try:
            with self:
                AbortAcquisition()
        except AtmcdException as e:
            if e.status != DRV_IDLE:
                raise
 
    def _set_cooler_state(self, state):
        """Turn the sensor cooler on (True) or off (False)"""
        with self:
            if state:
                CoolerON()
            else:
                CoolerOFF()
 
    def initialize(self):
        """Initialize the library and hardware and create Setting objects."""
        _logger.info("Initializing ...")
        num_cams = GetAvailableCameras()
        if self._index >= num_cams:
            msg = "Requested camera %d, but only found %d cameras" % (
                self._index,
                num_cams,
            )
            raise microscope.InitialiseError(msg)
        self._handle = GetCameraHandle(self._index)
 
        with self:
            # Initialize the library and connect to camera.
            Initialize(b"")
            # Initialise ROI to full sensor area and binning to single-pixel.
            self._set_roi_set_roi(microscope.ROI(0, 0, 0, 0))
            self._set_binning_set_binning(microscope.Binning(1, 1))
            # Check info bits to see if initialization successful.
            info = GetCameraInformation(self._index)
            if not info & 1 << 2:
                raise microscope.InitialiseError("... initialization failed.")
            self._caps = GetCapabilities()
            model = GetHeadModel()
            serial = self.get_idget_id()
            # Populate amplifiers
            if GetNumberAmp() > 1:
                if self._caps.ulCameraType == AC_CAMERATYPE_CLARA:
                    self.amplifiers = IntEnum(
                        "Amplifiers",
                        (("CONVENTIONAL", 0), ("EXTENDED_NIR", 1)),
                    )
                else:
                    self.amplifiers = IntEnum(
                        "Amplifiers", (("EMCCD", 0), ("CONVENTIONAL", 1))
                    )
            # Populate readout modes
            self._readout_modes_readout_modes = []
            for ch in range(GetNumberADChannels()):
                for amp in self.amplifiers:
                    for s in range(GetNumberHSSpeeds(ch, amp.value)):
                        speed = GetHSSpeed(ch, amp.value, s)
                        self._readout_modes_readout_modes.append(
                            ReadoutMode(ch, amp, s, speed)
                        )
            _logger.info("... initilized %s s/n %s", model, serial)
        # Add settings. Some are write-only, so we set defaults here.
        # Mode
        name = "readout mode"
        if self._readout_modes_readout_modes:
            self.add_setting(
                name,
                "enum",
                None,
                self._set_readout_mode,
                lambda: [str(mode) for mode in self._readout_modes_readout_modes],
            )
            self.set_settingset_setting(name, 0)
        # TriggerMode
        name = "TriggerMode"
        self.add_setting(
            name, "enum", None, self._bind(SetTriggerMode), TriggerMode
        )
        if self._caps.ulTriggerModes & AC_TRIGGERMODE_EXTERNAL:
            self.set_settingset_setting(name, TriggerMode.EXTERNAL)
        elif self._caps.ulTriggerModes & AC_TRIGGERMODE_CONTINUOUS:
            self.set_settingset_setting(name, TriggerMode.SOFTWARE)
        # Gain - device will use either EMGain or MCPGain
        name = "gain"
        getter, setter, vrange = None, None, None
        if self._caps.ulGetFunctions & AC_GETFUNCTION_EMCCDGAIN:
            getter = self._bind(GetEMCCDGain)
        elif self._caps.ulGetFunctions & AC_GETFUNCTION_MCPGAIN:
            getter = self._bind(GetMCPGain)
        if self._caps.ulSetFunctions & AC_SETFUNCTION_EMCCDGAIN:
            setter = self._bind(SetEMCCDGain)
            vrange = self._bind(GetEMGainRange)
        elif self._caps.ulSetFunctions & AC_SETFUNCTION_MCPGAIN:
            setter = self._bind(SetMCPGain)
            vrange = self._bind(GetMCPGainRange)
        if getter or setter:
            self.add_setting(name, "int", getter, setter, vrange)
        # Temperature
        name = "TemperatureSetPoint"
        getter, setter, vrange = None, None, None
        if self._caps.ulSetFunctions & AC_SETFUNCTION_TEMPERATURE:
            setter = self._bind(SetTemperature)
        if self._caps.ulGetFunctions & AC_GETFUNCTION_TEMPERATURERANGE:
            vrange = self._bind(GetTemperatureRange)
        if setter:
            self.add_setting(name, "int", None, setter, vrange)
        # Set a conservative default temperature set-point.
        self.set_settingset_setting(name, -20)
        # Fan control
        name = "Temperature"
        self.add_setting(
            name, "int", self._get_sensor_temperature, None, (None, None)
        )
        name = "Fan mode"
        self.add_setting(
            name,
            "enum",
            None,  # Can't query fan mode
            self._bind(SetFanMode),
            {0: "full", 1: "low", 2: "off"},
        )
        # Cooler control
        name = "Cooler Enabled"
        self.add_setting(name, "bool", None, self._set_cooler_state, None)
        self.set_settingset_setting(name, True)
        # Binning
        name = "Binning"
        self.add_setting(
            name, "tuple", self.get_binning, self.set_binning, None
        )
        # Roi
        name = "Roi"
        self.add_setting(
            name, "tuple", self.get_roi, lambda roi: self.set_roi(*roi), None
        )
        # BaselineClamp
        name = "BaselineClamp"
        if self._caps.ulSetFunctions & AC_SETFUNCTION_BASELINECLAMP:
            self.add_setting(
                name, "bool", None, self._bind(SetBaselineClamp), None
            )
            self.set_settingset_setting(name, False)
        # BaselineOffset
        name = "BaselineOffset"
        if self._caps.ulSetFunctions & AC_SETFUNCTION_BASELINEOFFSET:
            self.add_setting(
                name, "int", None, self._bind(SetBaselineOffset), (-1000, 1000)
            )
            self.set_settingset_setting(name, 0)
        # EMAdvanced
        name = "EMAdvanced"
        if self._caps.ulSetFunctions & AC_SETFUNCTION_EMADVANCED:
            self.add_setting(
                name, "bool", None, self._bind(SetEMAdvanced), None
            )
            self.set_settingset_setting(name, False)
        # GateMode
        name = "GateMode"
        if self._caps.ulSetFunctions & AC_SETFUNCTION_GATEMODE:
            vrange = range(
                0, [5, 6][self._caps.ulCameraType & AC_CAMERATYPE_ISTAR]
            )
            self.add_setting(
                name, "int", None, self._bind(SetGateMode), vrange
            )
        # HighCapacity
        name = "HighCapacity"
        if self._caps.ulSetFunctions & AC_SETFUNCTION_HIGHCAPACITY:
            self.add_setting(
                name, "bool", None, self._bind(SetHighCapacity), None
            )
 
    def _fetch_data(self):
        """Poll for data and return it, with minimal processing.
 
        Returns the data, or None if no data is available.
        """
        binning = self._binning
        roi = self._roi
        width = roi.width // binning.h
        height = roi.height // binning.v
        try:
            with self:
                data = GetOldestImage16(width * height).reshape(height, width)
        except AtmcdException as e:
            if e.status == DRV_NO_NEW_DATA:
                return None
            else:
                raise e
        return data
 
    def get_id(self):
        """Return the device's unique identifier."""
        with self:
            return GetCameraSerialNumber()
 
    def _do_shutdown(self) -> None:
        """Warm up the sensor then shut down the camera.
 
        This may take some time, so we should ensure that the _dll_lock is
        released when we don't need it."""
        # Switch off cooler then release lock.
        with self:
            CoolerOFF()
 
        _logger.info(
            "Waiting for temperature to rise above -20C" " before shutdown ..."
        )
 
        while True:
            # Check temperature then release lock.
            with self:
                t = GetTemperature()[1]
                _logger.info("... T = %dC", t)
            if t > -20:
                break
            time.sleep(10)
 
        _logger.info("Temperature is %dC: shutting down camera.", t)
 
        with self:
            ShutDown()
 
    def _do_disable(self):
        """Call abort to stop acquisition."""
        self.abortabort()
 
    def _do_enable(self):
        """Enter data acquisition state."""
        if self._acquiring_acquiring_acquiring:
            self.abortabort()
        with self:
            SetAcquisitionMode(AcquisitionMode.RUNTILLABORT)
            SetShutter(1, 1, 1, 1)
            SetReadMode(ReadMode.IMAGE)
            x, y = GetDetector()
            self._set_image()
            if not IsTriggerModeAvailable(self.get_setting("TriggerMode")):
                raise microscope.UnsupportedFeatureError(
                    "Trigger mode is not valid."
                )
            StartAcquisition()
        return True
 
    def _set_image(self):
        """Set ROI and binning prior to acquisition."""
        binning = (
            self._binning
        )  # Binning is mode-dependent, so not validated yet.
        roi = self._roi  # ROI validated in _set_roi, so should be OK
        with self:
            try:
                SetImage(
                    binning.h,
                    binning.v,
                    roi.left,
                    roi.left + roi.width - 1,
                    roi.top,
                    roi.top + roi.height - 1,
                )
            except AtmcdException as e:
                if e.status == DRV_P1INVALID:
                    out_e = ValueError("Horizontal binning invalid.")
                elif e.status == DRV_P2INVALID:
                    e = ValueError("Vertical binning invalid.")
                elif e.status == DRV_P3INVALID:
                    out_e = ValueError("roi.left invalid.")
                elif e.status == DRV_P4INVALID:
                    out_e = ValueError("roi.width invalid.")
                elif e.status == DRV_P5INVALID:
                    out_e = ValueError("roi.top invalid.")
                elif e.status == DRV_P6INVALID:
                    out_e = ValueError("roi.height invalid.")
                else:
                    out_e = e
                # Just raise the descriptive exception, not the chain.
                raise out_e from None
 
    @microscope.abc.keep_acquiring
    def set_exposure_time(self, value):
        """Set exposure time."""
        with self:
            SetExposureTime(value)
 
    def get_exposure_time(self):
        """Query the actual exposure time."""
        with self:
            exposure, accumulate, kinetic = GetAcquisitionTimings()
        return exposure
 
    def get_cycle_time(self):
        """Determine the minimum time between exposures."""
        with self:
            exposure, accumulate, kinetic = GetAcquisitionTimings()
            readout = GetReadOutTime()
            # IMD 20210422 DeepSIM timing is wrong as the keepclear cycles are
            # not accounted for.
            # return exposure + readout
            # This appears to allow the correct time between trigger pulses.
            return kinetic
 
    def _set_readout_mode(self, mode_index):
        """Configure channel, amplifier and VS-speed."""
        mode = self._readout_modes_readout_modes[mode_index]
        _logger.info("Setting readout mode to %s", mode)
        with self:
            SetADChannel(mode.channel)
            SetOutputAmplifier(mode.amp)
            # On (at least) the Ixon Ultra, the two amplifiers read from
            # opposite edges from the chip. We set the horizontal flip
            # so that the returned image orientation is independent of
            # amplifier selection
            SetImageFlip(not mode.amp, 0)
            SetHSSpeed(mode.amp, mode.hsindex)
 
    def _get_sensor_shape(self):
        """Return the sensor geometry."""
        with self:
            return GetDetector()
 
    def _get_sensor_temperature(self):
        """Return the sensor temperature."""
        with self:
            return GetTemperature()[1]
 
    def soft_trigger(self):
        """Send a software trigger signal.
 
        Deprecated, use trigger().
        """
        with self:
            SendSoftwareTrigger()
 
    @property
    def trigger_mode(self) -> microscope.TriggerMode:
        return ATMCD_MODE_TO_TRIGGER[self.get_setting("TriggerMode")][1]
 
    @property
    def trigger_type(self) -> microscope.TriggerType:
        return ATMCD_MODE_TO_TRIGGER[self.get_setting("TriggerMode")][0]
 
    def set_trigger(
        self, ttype: microscope.TriggerType, tmode: microscope.TriggerMode
    ) -> None:
        try:
            atmcd_mode = TRIGGER_TO_ATMCD_MODE[(ttype, tmode)]
        except KeyError:
            raise microscope.UnsupportedFeatureError(
                "no ATMCD mode for %s and %s" % (ttype, tmode)
            )
        self.set_settingset_setting("TriggerMode", atmcd_mode)
 
    def _do_trigger(self) -> None:
        with self:
            SendSoftwareTrigger()
 
    def _get_binning(self):
        """Return the binning setting."""
        return self._binning
 
    @microscope.abc.keep_acquiring
    def _set_binning(self, binning):
        """Set horizontal and vertical binning. Default to single pixel."""
        self._binning = binning
        return True
 
    def _get_roi(self):
        """Return the current ROI setting."""
        return self._roi
 
    @microscope.abc.keep_acquiring
    def _set_roi(self, roi):
        """Set the ROI, defaulting to full sensor area."""
        with self:
            x, y = GetDetector()
        left = roi.left or 1
        top = roi.top or 1
        width = roi.width or x
        height = roi.height or y
        if any(
            [left < 1, top < 1, left + width - 1 > x, top + height - 1 > y]
        ):
            return False
        self._roi = microscope.ROI(left, top, width, height)
        return True